Ancient History

Date	Event
The Beginning	In the beginning was the Word, and the Word was with God, and the Word was God. He was in the beginning with God. ...(John 1:1-5) (Rev 1:8)
? - 1850 BC	Primeval period (Gen 1:1 to Gen 11:27)
130,000 BC	Homo sapiens anatomically modern humans in Africa, and there is evidence for modern humans in the Near East sometime before 90,000 years ago
10,000 BC	Jericho inhabited
7000 BC	Çatalhöyük consists of two mounds on either side of an ancient channel of the Çarsamba River on the fertile Konya Plain of central Turkey could be worlds first city
5000 BC	The earliest Egyptians first settled along the Nile River
3761 BC	Monday, October 7th traditional "Day of Creation"
3500 BC	Sumerians. Their cities occupied a region called Mesopotamia between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers
3300 BC	Cuneiform - logosyllabic, syllabic and alphabetic scripts written.
3100 BC	Egyptian Hieroglyphs
3100 BC	Menes (or Narmer) unified Upper and Lower Egypt first pharaoh (god)
1900 BC	Proto-Sinaitic also known as Proto-Canaanite Alphabet, symbols were very similar to Egyptian hieroglyphs, but recorded a language related to Phoenician and Hebrew. Could be the script that the Ten Commandments were written.
1900 BC	Abraham אַבְרָהָם "Father/Leader of many" is regarded as the founding patriarch of the Israelites whom God chose to bless out of all the families of the earth
1700 BC	Jacob "Israel" enters Egypt
1500 BC	Santorini volcano eruption probably caused the end of the Minoan civilization on the island of Crete.
1500 BC	Ahmose I Nebpehtire Considered the first official ruler of the 18th Dynasty oversaw the final expulsion of the Hyksos from Egypt
1500 BC	Moses, The Exodus, The Law, Wilderness Wandering
1460-1130 BC	Settlement in the Land
1130-1020 BC	The Period of the Judges
1020-587 BC	The Monarchy
1000 to 960 BC	The Rule of David
10th century BC	Early form of Old Hebrew is graphically very similar to Phoenician
800 BC	The Greeks were the first Europeans to learn to write with an alphabet, and from them writing was brought to the rest of Europe, eventually leading down to all modern European alphabets.
776 BC	1st Greek Olympiad
753 BC	Traditional founding of the city of Rome
724 BC	Assyrian empire crushed the Northern Kingdom
587 BC	The Babylonian invasion
587 BC	The Ark of the Covenant no longer in the Temple
587-332 BC	Exile and Return
6th century BC	During the exile to Babylon, the Hebrews started to use the Aramaic language and script
6th century BC ?	The Pentateuch completed in written form
563 BC?	Siddhārtha Gautama Buddha a spiritual teacher in ancient India, the historical founder of Buddhism.
446 BC ?	Earliest extant Greek papyrus
428 BC	Plato born at Athens, Greece
332 BC	Alexander the Great conquered Palestine
c. 130 BC	Septuagint completed in Koine Greek. Legend says that 70 separate translators all produced identical texts, indicating that the translation was divinely inspired
55 BC	Julius Caesar invaded the island he called "Britannia" later anglicized to "Britain"
39 BC to 100 AD	The Roman Period
37 BC	Herod the Great King of Judea
23 BC	Augustus Emperor of Rome (Gaius Julius Caesar Octavianus)
7 BC to 4 BC ?	Jesus Born (astronomical planetary alignment of Jupiter in Aries, April 17, 6 BC could be the so called Star of Bethlehem.)
4 BC	Herod the Great King of Judea died
1 AD	Year one of the Christian Era calendar set by Dionysius Exiguus in 527 AD
14 AD	Tiberius Emperor of Rome
c. 30 to 33 AD	Jesus' Ministry, Death, Resurrection, Ascension. Pentecost
c. 30 to 36 AD	Stephen martyred (Acts 7:58)
c. 30 to 36 AD	Saul begins a severe persecution (Acts 8:1)
c. 30 to 36 AD	Paul converted (Acts 9:18)
37 AD	Gaius Caligula Emperor of Rome
39 AD	Herod Antipas banished to Lyons, Gaul by Caligula
c. 39 AD	Paul's visit to Jerusalem (Gal 1:18-20)
c. 40 AD	Christians considered a separate sect from Jews (Acts 11:26)
41 AD	Claudius Emperor of Rome
c. 43 AD	Paul's ministry to the gentiles
c. 44 AD	James son of Zebedee martyred by Herod Agrippa I (Acts 12:1-3)
c. 44 AD	Agrippa I died
c. 49 AD	The false teaching of the Judaizers (Acts 15:1)
c. 49 to 50 AD	The Council of Jerusalem (Acts 15:6-30)
1st and 2nd century AD	Gnosticism contaminates Christianity
c. 50 AD	Peter's Journey begins
c. 50 AD	Paul's 2nd Journey begins (Acts 15: 36-51)
c. 51 AD	The First Letter to the Thessalonians written by Paul at Corinth
54 AD	Nero Emperor of Rome
c.54 or 55 AD	The Letter to the Galatians written by Paul at Ephesus
c.? mid 50's AD	Ignatius ordained Bishop of Antioch by Peter
c. 55 AD	The Letter to the Phillippians written by Paul
c. 56 AD	Paul's 3rd Journey
c. 56 AD	The First Letter to the Corinthians written by Paul at Ephesus (1 Cor 11:23-26 earliest written account of the Lord's Supper)
c. 56 to 58 AD	The Letter to the Romans written by Paul when in Greece likely Corinth
c. 57 AD	The Second Letter to the Corinthians written by Paul at Macedonia
c. 60 AD	Paul arrested in Jerusalem
c. 60 AD	Andrew martyred
c. 61 - 63 AD	The Second Letter to the Thessalonians, The Letter to the Ephesians, written by Paul
c. 61 - 63 AD	The Letter to the Colossians, and The Letter to Philemon written by Paul
c. 62 AD?	The Letter of James written (some date it as a pseudonymous work 90-100 AD)
c. 62 AD	James "brother of the Lord" 1st Bishop of Jerusalem martyred
c. 62 AD	Paul sent to Rome
c. 63 AD	Paul Released
c. 63 - 69 AD	The Letter to the Hebrews written
c. 63 - 64 AD	The First Letter of Peter written in Rome
c. 63 - 67 AD	The First and Second Letters to Timothy, and The Letter to Titus written
64 AD	The Great Fire of Rome
64 AD to 313 AD	The Persecutions Begin by Nero
c. 64 - 67 AD	Peter and Paul martyred in Rome under Nero
c. 67 AD	Linus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
68 AD	Nero commits suicide
68 AD	Galba, Otho, Vitellius Emperor of Rome
c. 69 AD	Polycarp born
69 AD	Vespasian Emperor of Rome
c. 69 AD	The Gospel according to Mark written
c. 70 AD	Jerusalem destroyed by the Romans
c. 70 AD	The Temple destroyed, end of sacrificial, priestly Judaism
c. 70-71 AD	Agrippa II died
c. 70 AD	The Didache written ("The Teaching of the Lord to the Gentiles by the Twelve Apostles")
c. 76 AD	Linus died Anacletus (Cletus) Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
79 AD	Titus Emperor of Rome
79 AD	Mt. Vesuvius erupts and covers the city of Pompeii
c. 80 - 85 AD	The Gospel according to Matthew written
c. 80 - 90 AD	The Gospel according to Luke written
c. 80 - 90 AD	The Acts of the Apostles written by Luke
c. 80 - 100 AD	The Pseudonymous works of 2nd Peter and Jude written
81 AD	Domitian Emperor of Rome
c. 81 - 86 AD	The Revelation to John written
c. 88 AD	Anacletus died Clement Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ (1st "Apostolic Father")
c. 90 - 100 AD	The Gospel according to John written
c. 95 AD	John on Patmos
c. 96 AD	The Epistle of St. Clement of Rome to the Corinthians written (primacy of See of Rome)
96 AD	Nerva Emperor of Rome
c. 97 AD	Clement martyred Evaeistus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
c. 97 - 100 AD	John 1,2,3 written
98 AD	Trajan Emperor of Rome
c. 100 AD	Justin Martyr born
c. 101? AD	John the Apostle died
c. 105 AD	Evaeistus died Alexander Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
c. before 107 AD	The Epistle of Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans
c. before 107 AD	The Epistle of Ignatius of Antioch to Polycarp of Smyrna
115 AD	Alexander martyred Sixtus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
116 AD	Ignatius martyred
117 AD	Hadrian Emperor of Rome
125 AD	Sixtus martyred Telesphorus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
c. 130 AD	Justin Martyr converted to Christianity
132-135 AD	Bar-Kochba's revolt in Jerusalem
135 AD	Jerusalem smashed into dust by the Romans renamed Ælia Capitolina
136 AD	Telesphorus martyred Hyginus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
138 AD	Antoninus Pius Emperor of Rome
140 AD	Hyginus died Pius Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
c. 140-155 AD	Irenaeus hears Polycarp preach
155 AD	Pius died Anicetus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
155 AD	Polycarp journeys to Rome meets with Anicetus to date Resurrection
155-160 AD	Polycarp martyred in Smyrna
156 AD	The false teaching of Montanism developed
161 AD	Marcus Aurelius Emperor of Rome
c. 165 AD	Justin Martyr is martyred
166 AD	Anicetus martyred Soter Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
175 AD	Soter died Eleutherius Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
177 AD	Irenaeus appointed Bishop of Lyon
180 AD	Irenaeus wrote "Against the Heresies"
180 AD	Lucius Aelius, Aurelius Commodus Emperors of Rome
189 AD	Eleutherius died Victor Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
189 AD	Dispute of Rome and Asia Minor over date of the Resurrection
192 AD	Lucius Aelius, Aurelius Commodus murdered
193 AD	Lusius Septimius Severus Emperor of Rome
199 AD	Victor died Zephyrinus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
3rd century AD	The false teaching of Sabellianism
211 AD	Caracalla Emperor of Rome
217 AD	Zephyrinus died Callistus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
217-235 AD	Hippolytus becomes an antipope
218 AD	Heliogabalus Emperor of Rome
222 AD	Callistus martyred Urban Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
222 AD	Alexander Severus Emperor of Rome
230 AD	Urban died Pontian Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
235 AD	Pontian resigned Anterus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
235 AD	Hippolytus exiled to Sardinia reconciled and became a martyr
236 AD	Anterus died Fabian Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
236 AD	Maximus Emperor of Rome
238-244 AD	Gurdian I, I , Balbinus, Pupienus, Gurdian III Emperor of Rome
244 AD	Philip the Arabian Emperor of Rome
248 AD	Cyprian Bishop of Carthage
250 AD	Fabian martyred Cornelius Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
250 AD	Decius, Gullus Emperor of Rome
251 AD	Novatian antipope
253 AD	Valerian Emperor of Rome persecutes Christians
253 AD	Cornelius martyred Lucius Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
254 AD	Origen died
254 AD	Lucius died Stephen Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
257 AD	Stephen died Sixtus II Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
258 AD	Sixtus II martyred Dionysius Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
258 AD	Cyprian martyred wrote "De Catholicae Ecllesiae Unitate"
260 AD	Gallienus Emperor of Rome
268 AD	Dionysius died Felix Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
268 AD	Claudius II Emperor of Rome
270 AD	Aurelian Emperor of Rome
274 AD	Felix died Eutychian Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
275 AD	Numerianus Emperor of Rome
276 AD	Marcus Aurelius Probus Emperor of Rome
283 AD	Eutychian died Gaius (Caius) Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
284 AD	Diocletian Emperor of Rome
285 AD	Roman Empire partitioned into East and West
296 AD	Gaius died Marcellinus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
302 AD	The Diocletian Persecutions
304 AD	Marcellinus martyred Marcellus Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
305 AD	Diocletian abdicated
305 AD	Constantius Emperor of Rome
309 AD	The false teaching of Arianism
309 AD	Marcellus died Eusebius Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
311 AD	Eusebius martyred Miltiades Successor of St. Peter and Vicar of Jesus Christ
312 AD	Constantine Emperor of Rome
312 AD	The Vision of Constantine 'In Hoc Signo Vinces'
313 AD	Christianity lawful in the Roman Empire
314 AD	Miliades died Silvester Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
323 AD	Constantine started to build on the site of Caius Caligula's circus "The Basilica of Saint Peter" located over the traditional burial site of the Apostle.
325 AD	The Ecumenical Council of Nicaea (first world wide council 318 bishops assisted)
326 AD	Constantine built the church of the Holy Sepulchre on Calvery
326-327 AD	Helena and Macarius with Cyriacus excavate site of true cross
331 AD	Seat of Roman Empire relocated to Constantinople
335 AD	Silvester died
336 AD	Mark Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
337 AD	Constantine died
337 AD	Mark died Julius Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
350 AD ?	Codex Vaticanis written (Greek manuscript, oldest surviving complete Bible)
350 AD ?	Codex Sinaiticus written (Greek manuscript, oldest surviving New Testament)
352 AD	Julius died Liberius Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
354 AD	Augustine of Hippo born
355 AD	Liberius banished by Constantius II
355 AD	Felix II antipope till 365 AD
366 AD	Liberius died Damasus Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
366 AD	Ursinus antipope until 367 AD
366-384 AD	Damasus compromises on the Canon of the Mass uses Greek and Latin formula
381 AD	The 1st Ecumenical Council of Constantinople (Nicaean Creed 150 bishops assisted)
382 AD	The 1st Council of Rome (worked on the Cannon of the Bible)
382 AD	Damasus made Latin the official language of the Church
382 AD	Damasus told Jerome to translate the scriptures into Latin
383-384 AD	1st Latin Bible revised from the "Vetus Itala" by Jerome
384 AD	Damasus died Siricius Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
387 AD	Augustine of Hippo Baptized
391 AD	Augustine of Hippo Ordained
393 AD	The Council of Hippo (confirming the Cannon of the Bible)
395 AD	Augustine raised to Bishop of Hippo
397 AD	The Council of Carthage (Cannon of the Bible reaffirmed)
399 AD	Siricius died Anastasius Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
401 AD	Anastasius died Innocent Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
410 AD	Visagoths sacked Rome
412 AD	The false teaching of Pelagianism
416 AD	The Council of Milevis (forbade unapproved liturgical formula)
417 AD	Innocent died Zosimus Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
418 AD	The 2nd Council of Carthage
418 AD	Zosimus died Boniface Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
418 AD	The Vulgate finished by Jerome
418 AD	The 2nd Council of Orange
418-419 AD	Eulalius antipope
422 AD	Boniface died Celestine Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
428 AD	The false teaching of Nestorianism
430 AD	Augustine of Hippo died, wrote 22 books
431 AD	The Ecumenical Council of Ephesus (decreed Mary Mother of God; over 200 bishops assisted)
431 AD	Celestine excommunicated Nestorius Patriarch of Constantinople
431 AD	The Church of Seleucia-Ctesiphon refused the condemnation of Nestorius and cut itself and the "Church of the East" off from the Catholic Church
432 AD	Celestine died Sixtus III Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
434 AD	The false teaching of the Monophysites
440 AD	Sixtus III died Leo (the Great) Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
449 AD	The Old English Language developed (known formerly as Anglo-Saxon)
451 AD	The Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon (declared the two natures of Jesus;150 bishops assisted)
452 AD	Leo stopped Attilla the Hun from invading Rome
455 AD	Leo prevailed upon King Genserk of the Vandels to spare the people of Rome
461 AD	Leo (the Great) died Hilary Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
468 AD	Hilary died Simplicus Bishop of Rome and Vicar of Jesus Christ
476 AD	Fall of the Roman Empire